罷工吧，香港！
——「直接行動」小小冊子
——「直接行動」小小冊子
在香港國際貨櫃碼頭的工潮中，我們聽到工友們多年來沉默地、被動地承受著的痛苦和辛酸；同時亦讓我們赤裸裸地看見，自己每日的消費、無可避免地身處其中的資本運作，正是建築於無數的血汗之上。我們旁觀著工友的辛酸，就正如我們同樣沉默地、被動地每日上班、加班、隨時on call，看著物價飛漲、租金電費車費不斷上升，市場的「無形之手」永不止息地一邊向我們施壓，一邊抑制我們的憤怒。在資本運作的仔細分工之下，有人負責思考、有人負責行動、有人負責講話，而工人就只是勞動力、生產力統計報告中的一堆數字，一堆待價而沽、保持金融中心永恆轉動的機器，而不再是會反省、想像、創造的主體。簡單來說，就是：唔當你係人。罷工是一個「直接行動」，向這種資本運作摑了一巴，但這一巴也同時摑向我們，像在質問：大家同受其欺，點解你地可以忍？
直接VS代表
直接行動，建基於兩個前提：一是這個世界是可以被改變的，二是我們是可以共同去改變它。這個世界，不是由 他們 去決定，不是被分成叻人VS蠢人、能言善辯的代理人VS盲目的群眾。這個世界，是可以透過共同去反省、想像和創造，讓每個人都可以安身立命，自由地思考和選擇自己的位置。
不同理論家或行動者對於「直接行動」都有不同的定義，但大概都有一個共通點，就是強調「直接」，不會依賴任何代表，不需要「進步的」政黨來推動，也不要再等政府來作出改革，而是每個人自發地，在具體的生活環境中直接參與，阻礙國家與企業的運作，或者嘗試建立另外的模式。
例如，你不滿有關部門打算把你母校的百年大樹砍掉，你自己該行動起來，做個「抱樹族」，或者堵路阻截來砍樹的車輛，也可跳上大型的工程機械阻止工程進行。你不滿意媒體歪曲你的行動及目標，你應該自己組織或加入獨立小媒體，建立網站或印刷小刊物。(葉蔭聰，2010)
公民抗命
在理論上，「直接行動」與「公民抗命」有一定分別。「公民抗命」的行動，是為了抗爭的目標及理由，拒絕服從不合理的規則或法律，以突顯法律或制度的不公義，並且準備去承擔其法律上的後果，透過「被捕」來呼召更多人正視問題。而「直接行動」則強調以自己的身體或行動，去阻止不公義的事發生，而非以「公眾關注」作為唯一主要的目標。(David Graeber，2009)
在實際操作上，兩者可能有很大程度的重疊。一般直接行動者，都會先了解法律上的意見，準備好現場的紀錄(作為日後可能需呈堂的證據)，清楚自己法律上的權利(如保守緘默、見律師、打電話等，詳可參見「行動者菜譜」中的「被捕者須知」)；但亦有少數直接行動者，尤其決定採取更激烈的行動時，會隱藏身份，逃避警察追捕。
衝破制度
直接行動通常是堵塞政府或大企業的通道、衝擊警察防線，或者闖入一些被禁的區域。因為工人和民間團體，由非法組織變成合法，行動受到不同的規範，再慢慢變成建制和資本運作的一部份。改變，再不能依賴這些建制裡的附庸，所以直接行動經常以中斷社會運作為策略，強調參與者擺脫固有制度的牽制，以及其自主性。
堵路
堵路是透過靜坐或其他方式，堵塞道路或出入口，目的是要暫停社會的運作／企業生產／資本的流動，讓政府、企業以及所有受影響、或在電影機前的市民，停下來去思考和正視問題。
近年，不少人開始對遊行示威只流於「表達意見」的請願，無法產生政治效果，而感到不滿，希望嘗試用更直接的方式，逼使社會正視問題。2009/10年反高鐵運動，示威者包圍立法會，堵塞馬路企圖阻止官員和建制派議員離開；2011年3月6日反對財政預算案遊行，警察大規模拘捕113名堵路的示威者；及後的六四、七一、元旦大遊行，堵路和「被堵路」，均繼續不停上演。
佔領
佔領是要重奪一個空間的使用權，停止本來的運作，開放空間的想像，甚至由參與者共同決定空間的使用。
1979年的油麻地艇戶向政府爭取上岸安置。在同年颱風期間，艇戶佔領本為軍營的漆咸營居住了二星期。06/07年的保衛天星/皇后碼頭的運動中，「本土行動」發動闖入、圍堵、佔據的行動，甚至進駐皇后碼頭三個多月。2011年「佔領中環」在匯豐總行地下十個多月，將私人管理的公共通道「據為公有」。
在外國，如阿根廷的工人，在工廠倒閉失業後，重新佔領工廠，以工人自治的合作社模式繼續生產，而且他們更進一步跳出工人的身分，去參與街坊委員會，把眼光放到社區 (如︰聘用在附近設立路障反對削減社會福利的失業工人、為建設社區中心和醫院捐出工廠生產的瓷磚瓦片等) 。
勞工直接行動
在一般政治議題上的直接行動通常是要影響政府的政策，再等政策執行，人們才從政策上得益。而勞工的直接行動卻是在老闆手上奪回勞動成果，亳不迂迴，包括罷工、按章工作、其他減慢生產的小動作，甚至是破壞機器或生產工具等。在世界各地的工運歷史裡，勞工所得到的每一個重大勝利，都是透過當時不合法，受警力鎮壓的直接戰鬥行動。在香港，連集體談判權也遙遙無期，也未計條文內容是否真的能保障工友們。現有的勞工法例只是在保障我們不至於隨便猝死，於尊嚴與快樂亳無關係。單看今次碼頭工潮，工友們集體爭取自己應有的回報和尊嚴，老闆和政府卻用禁制令、阻撓遊行、非法集結罪名等，千方百計將工友們的行動打成非法。所以，要考慮的已經不是應不應該去直接反抗，而是應該怎樣做。與資方談判和面對媒體是工會的拿手工作，放心交給他們去配合。但如何令老闆最快、最直接地不能賺錢，減少老闆的談判的籌碼，就只有在工友們最清楚，幾多的支援者也不及工友們自己決定和動手來得實在和有效。
總罷工
相對於個別行業，為加人工和改善福利而罷工，總罷工就是各行各業聯合起來，甚至團結非工會的社運組織共同進行的罷工行動，為的是要改變政府決策，向失衡的整體經濟秩序說不，甚至爭取其他的政治權利和自由。
在香港，89年北京學生運動，百萬人罷工罷課上街聲援。在歐洲，全球金融危機爆發後，歐洲各國推出財政緊縮政策，面對此一情勢，希臘、西班牙等國家工會均多次發動總罷工，阻擋隨財政緊縮政策而來的各項決策，例如公部門私有化、放鬆勞動法令限制、削減各項社會福利等。
各地的組織方式不盡相同，例如西班牙的CNT有分散於各山頭的聯盟，代表們透過聯合會議商討共同的行動；去年「佔領奧克蘭」運動，由碼頭工人及貨櫃車司機佔領碼頭，透過海報和其他宣傳方式發動總罷工，呼籲其他工人用自己的方式參與。
行動作為連結
直接行動通常傾向低度的組織，或者以非官僚的方式，在事前或行動當中組織小組討論，盡可能從中尋求共識，甚至在長時間的對辯交流中，建立彼此間的默契。行動，往往是連結的好機會，即使見到素未謀面的同行者，亦可互相關顧和照應。
參與的人不是一盤散沙也不需由誰去帶領，而是要互相溝通交流、互相體諒，只有這樣，群眾行動才能成為力量，堅定不移地走下去！(行動者菜譜)
行動作為一種預演
決定直接行動的剎那，你已經離開固有的思考模式、生活和工作的規律。行動的現場，會迫令你和身邊的同行者，一起運用想像去創造新的可能。平等和直接參與的經驗，亦很可能改變你以後對人對事的態度和價值觀。
(直接行動)讓人去掌握自己的生活、生命與環境。它不求統一指揮，強調自發與自主。因此，直接行動亦是預演另類生活的實踐，換言之，在不完美、充滿壓迫的社會裡，透過直接行動，逐步實驗及體驗平等、自由與團結的團體生活與行動模式，預演與創造一個新世界。(葉蔭聰，2010)
要對抗這個用花紙包住堆爛屎的世界
莫只靠別人幫忙，可靠的是自己的力量
莫只靠別人幫忙，可靠的是自己的力量
向 他們 的香港說，罷工吧！
參考資料：
— 葉蔭聰，《直接行動》，香港 : 進一步多媒體有限公司，2010
— David Graeber, "Direct Action: An Ethnography", AK Press, 2009
— IWW 勞工直接行動手冊：http://www.geocities.ws/myfreeid20/DA-iww.html
— 行動者菜譜：http://smrc8a.org/cookbooks/
— 葉蔭聰，《直接行動》，香港 : 進一步多媒體有限公司，2010
— David Graeber, "Direct Action: An Ethnography", AK Press, 2009
— IWW 勞工直接行動手冊：http://www.geocities.ws/myfreeid20/DA-iww.html
— 行動者菜譜：http://smrc8a.org/cookbooks/
Strike it, Hong Kong is it! --"Direct action" in small booklets in the Cathay Pacific Hong Kong International container terminal, we hear the workmates, and passively suffer in silence over the years of pain and bitterness also was seen by our naked, their daily consumption, inevitably in which capital, is built on a myriad of sweat. We watched the workers of bitterness, just as we have the same daily hours and overtime, and passively, silently on call at any time, looking at prices, rental tariff fares rising, the market's "invisible hand" never fails to put pressure on us, and suppress our anger. Under the capital operation Division of carefully, one is responsible for thinking, one for operations, was responsible for speech, and workers is the labor, productivity statistics contained in the report of a bunch of numbers, a bunch of eternal rotation machines up for grabs, keep a financial centre, rather than begin to think, imagine, create. In simple terms, is this: well when you people.
Strikes were a "direct action" operation slap one bar to this capital, but this also was also a slap to us, like asking: are all affected by bullying, why can you endure? VS directly representative of direct action, is based on two premises: first, the world can be changed, and second, we can work together to change it. In this world, is not up to them to decide, not to be into smart VS stupid, articulate agents VS blind people.
In this world, be able to meditate, imagine and create together, so that everyone can settle down and to think freely and to choose their own locations.
Different theorist or action who for "directly action" are has different of defines, but probably are has a common points, is stressed "directly", does not rely on any representative, not needs "progress of" party to promoted, also don't again, Government to made reform, but everyone spontaneous to, in specific of life environment in the directly participation, hinder national and enterprise of operation, or attempts to established addition of mode. For example, your anger authorities intend to his alma mater of the century-old trees cut down, you own the Act, to be a "tree-hugging" or block roads and stop vehicles to cut down a tree, or jump on the large block of construction machinery engineering. You are not satisfied with the media distort your actions and goals, you should organize or join a small independent media, creating a website or print smaller publications. (Ye Yincong, 2010) in theory, civil disobedience, "direct action" and "civil disobedience" there is difference. "Civil disobedience" campaign, is to fight the objectives and reasons for refuse unreasonable rules or laws in order to highlight the injustice of legal or institutional, and prepared to take the legal consequences "through" arrest "to call more people to face up to the problem. "Direct action" stress your body or take action to stop injustice happened, rather than to "public concern" as the only major goals. (David Graeber,2009), in practice, they may have a large degree of overlap.
General directly action who, will first understanding legal Shang of views, prepared good site of records (as future may needed is Hall of evidence), clearly himself legal Shang of right (as conservative silent, and see lawyer, and call,, details can see "action who recipes" in the of "arrested who notes"); but also has minority directly action who, especially decided take more fierce of action Shi, will hidden identity, escape police hunt. Break through the system of direct action is often blocked the Government or big business channel, the police line, or into some proscribed areas. As workers and civil society groups, organized by illegal become legal action by different norms, then slowly become part of construction and capital operation.
Change, can no longer rely on the vassal of the establishment, so often direct action to interrupt the operation of society as policies, stressed participants depart from their system's diversion, as well as its autonomy.
Through sit-ins, block roads and blocked road or otherwise, blocking roads or entrances, aims to suspend the operation of society/production/capital flows, so Government, business, and all affected, or in front of the cameras of people, stop thinking and to address the issue. In recent years, many people began to March only in the "expressing opinions" petition, unable to produce the political results, aggrieved and want to try a more direct way, causing the community to face up to the problem.
Two thousand nine-tenths against high-speed rail movement, demonstrators surrounded the legislature tried to prevent officials and members of the Conservatives blocked the road to leave; opposed the budget of March 6, 2011 March police arrested 113 people blocking demonstrators; and 64, 71, after new year's Day Parade, block roads and "blocked road", went on stage.
Occupation of the occupation is to regain the right to use a space, stop operation of the open space of the imagination, even determine space use by the participants. In 1979, Yau Ma Tei boat people fighting for land resettlement. In the same year during a typhoon families occupied the barracks Chatham battalion lived for two weeks. Six-sevenths in the campaign to defend the Star/Queen's Pier, "local action" launched into action, containment, occupied by, or even into the Queen's Pier for more than three months.
2011 "occupation of the Central" in the underground headquarters of HSBC for more than ten months, privately managed public channel "is in the public domain".
In foreign, as Argentina of workers, in factory collapsed unemployment Hou, again occupation factory, to workers autonomy of cooperatives mode continues to production, and they further jumped out of workers of identity, to participation neighborhood Committee, put vision put to Community (as: hired in near established roadblocks against cuts social welfare of unemployment workers, and for construction community center and hospital donated out factory production of tiles tiles,). Labour direct action in direct action in general political issues likely to influence the Government's policy and policy implementation, such as, people began to benefit from the policy. And the direct action of the workers is on the boss take the fruits of labor, ready to weave, including strikes and work-to-rule, others slow down production of gamesmanship, even destruction machines or tools, and so on. In the history of the labour movement around the world, each gained a major victory for labour, it is through the then illegal, subject to direct combat operations to police repression. In Hong Kong, even the right to collective bargaining is also in sight, indeed, does not include provisions to protect the workers. Existing labour legislation in order to protect us from random death, in dignity and joy with no relationship. Solely on the dock strikes this year, these workers collectively striving for their own rewards and dignity, bosses and the Government injunction, blocking marches, such as unlawful assembly charges, do everything possible to workers labeled as illegal. Therefore, is not to be considered should or should not go directly against, but what should be done. Press negotiations with employers and trade unions at work, and give them confidence to match.
But how can the boss can't make money in the fastest, most direct, and reduce the owner's bargaining power, only when the workers know best, many supporters than the workers themselves decided to be real and effective and hands-on.
General strike as opposed to individual industries, strike for pay rise and improved welfare, a general strike was all walks of life together, even non-Union solidarity social movement organizations joint strike action, in order to change government policy, say no to the unbalanced economic order as a whole, even soliciting other political rights and freedoms. In Hong Kong, the 89 student movement in Beijing, millions strike took to the streets in solidarity with the strike.
In Europe, after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, European Governments launched austerity measures in the face of this situation, Greece, and Spain and other national trade unions have launched a general strike many times, blocked with tight fiscal policies the decisions, such as privatization, deregulation of labour laws limiting public sector, cuts in social welfare.
Organizations around the exact same way, such as Spain, CNT have dispersed in the mountains of Union, delegates jointly through the joint meeting's action last year "occupation of Oakland" campaign, occupied by dock workers and truck drivers dock, through posters and other publicity to launch a general strike, called on other workers ' participation in their own way. Action direct action as a link normally low levels of organization, or in a non-bureaucratic way beforehand, the Panel discussion or action organizations, to seek a consensus as far as possible, even in the debate for a long time in Exchange, establishing rapport with each other.
Action, often as an opportunity to link, companion even see someone you've never met before, and also care and attention. Participation is not a mess is not a matter of who is going to lead, but in mutual communication and mutual understanding, so that mass action can be power, unswervingly go down! (Action menu) moment of the action as a preview to decide direct actions, you have left the natural mode of thinking and living and working patterns. Action scene, you and most of the passengers, will be forced together, using the imagination to create new possibilities.
Experience of equal and direct participation, also has the potential to change your attitudes and values about people and things in the future. (Direct action) allow people to control their own lives, life and the environment. It does not seek a unified command, emphasis on spontaneous and autonomous. Therefore, the practice of direct action was also previewed the alternative life, in other words, imperfect and full of oppression of society, through direct action, progressive experiment and experience community life of equality, freedom and solidarity and action mode, preview and create a new world.
(Ye Yincong, 2010) to fight this wrapped in colored paper pile of shit in the world not just rely on other people to help, reliable is their power to their Hong Kong said that the strike now! Shop Johnson in second, third, the http://www.Facebook.com/
Strikes were a "direct action" operation slap one bar to this capital, but this also was also a slap to us, like asking: are all affected by bullying, why can you endure? VS directly representative of direct action, is based on two premises: first, the world can be changed, and second, we can work together to change it. In this world, is not up to them to decide, not to be into smart VS stupid, articulate agents VS blind people.
In this world, be able to meditate, imagine and create together, so that everyone can settle down and to think freely and to choose their own locations.
Different theorist or action who for "directly action" are has different of defines, but probably are has a common points, is stressed "directly", does not rely on any representative, not needs "progress of" party to promoted, also don't again, Government to made reform, but everyone spontaneous to, in specific of life environment in the directly participation, hinder national and enterprise of operation, or attempts to established addition of mode. For example, your anger authorities intend to his alma mater of the century-old trees cut down, you own the Act, to be a "tree-hugging" or block roads and stop vehicles to cut down a tree, or jump on the large block of construction machinery engineering. You are not satisfied with the media distort your actions and goals, you should organize or join a small independent media, creating a website or print smaller publications. (Ye Yincong, 2010) in theory, civil disobedience, "direct action" and "civil disobedience" there is difference. "Civil disobedience" campaign, is to fight the objectives and reasons for refuse unreasonable rules or laws in order to highlight the injustice of legal or institutional, and prepared to take the legal consequences "through" arrest "to call more people to face up to the problem. "Direct action" stress your body or take action to stop injustice happened, rather than to "public concern" as the only major goals. (David Graeber,2009), in practice, they may have a large degree of overlap.
General directly action who, will first understanding legal Shang of views, prepared good site of records (as future may needed is Hall of evidence), clearly himself legal Shang of right (as conservative silent, and see lawyer, and call,, details can see "action who recipes" in the of "arrested who notes"); but also has minority directly action who, especially decided take more fierce of action Shi, will hidden identity, escape police hunt. Break through the system of direct action is often blocked the Government or big business channel, the police line, or into some proscribed areas. As workers and civil society groups, organized by illegal become legal action by different norms, then slowly become part of construction and capital operation.
Change, can no longer rely on the vassal of the establishment, so often direct action to interrupt the operation of society as policies, stressed participants depart from their system's diversion, as well as its autonomy.
Through sit-ins, block roads and blocked road or otherwise, blocking roads or entrances, aims to suspend the operation of society/production/capital flows, so Government, business, and all affected, or in front of the cameras of people, stop thinking and to address the issue. In recent years, many people began to March only in the "expressing opinions" petition, unable to produce the political results, aggrieved and want to try a more direct way, causing the community to face up to the problem.
Two thousand nine-tenths against high-speed rail movement, demonstrators surrounded the legislature tried to prevent officials and members of the Conservatives blocked the road to leave; opposed the budget of March 6, 2011 March police arrested 113 people blocking demonstrators; and 64, 71, after new year's Day Parade, block roads and "blocked road", went on stage.
Occupation of the occupation is to regain the right to use a space, stop operation of the open space of the imagination, even determine space use by the participants. In 1979, Yau Ma Tei boat people fighting for land resettlement. In the same year during a typhoon families occupied the barracks Chatham battalion lived for two weeks. Six-sevenths in the campaign to defend the Star/Queen's Pier, "local action" launched into action, containment, occupied by, or even into the Queen's Pier for more than three months.
2011 "occupation of the Central" in the underground headquarters of HSBC for more than ten months, privately managed public channel "is in the public domain".
In foreign, as Argentina of workers, in factory collapsed unemployment Hou, again occupation factory, to workers autonomy of cooperatives mode continues to production, and they further jumped out of workers of identity, to participation neighborhood Committee, put vision put to Community (as: hired in near established roadblocks against cuts social welfare of unemployment workers, and for construction community center and hospital donated out factory production of tiles tiles,). Labour direct action in direct action in general political issues likely to influence the Government's policy and policy implementation, such as, people began to benefit from the policy. And the direct action of the workers is on the boss take the fruits of labor, ready to weave, including strikes and work-to-rule, others slow down production of gamesmanship, even destruction machines or tools, and so on. In the history of the labour movement around the world, each gained a major victory for labour, it is through the then illegal, subject to direct combat operations to police repression. In Hong Kong, even the right to collective bargaining is also in sight, indeed, does not include provisions to protect the workers. Existing labour legislation in order to protect us from random death, in dignity and joy with no relationship. Solely on the dock strikes this year, these workers collectively striving for their own rewards and dignity, bosses and the Government injunction, blocking marches, such as unlawful assembly charges, do everything possible to workers labeled as illegal. Therefore, is not to be considered should or should not go directly against, but what should be done. Press negotiations with employers and trade unions at work, and give them confidence to match.
But how can the boss can't make money in the fastest, most direct, and reduce the owner's bargaining power, only when the workers know best, many supporters than the workers themselves decided to be real and effective and hands-on.
General strike as opposed to individual industries, strike for pay rise and improved welfare, a general strike was all walks of life together, even non-Union solidarity social movement organizations joint strike action, in order to change government policy, say no to the unbalanced economic order as a whole, even soliciting other political rights and freedoms. In Hong Kong, the 89 student movement in Beijing, millions strike took to the streets in solidarity with the strike.
In Europe, after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, European Governments launched austerity measures in the face of this situation, Greece, and Spain and other national trade unions have launched a general strike many times, blocked with tight fiscal policies the decisions, such as privatization, deregulation of labour laws limiting public sector, cuts in social welfare.
Organizations around the exact same way, such as Spain, CNT have dispersed in the mountains of Union, delegates jointly through the joint meeting's action last year "occupation of Oakland" campaign, occupied by dock workers and truck drivers dock, through posters and other publicity to launch a general strike, called on other workers ' participation in their own way. Action direct action as a link normally low levels of organization, or in a non-bureaucratic way beforehand, the Panel discussion or action organizations, to seek a consensus as far as possible, even in the debate for a long time in Exchange, establishing rapport with each other.
Action, often as an opportunity to link, companion even see someone you've never met before, and also care and attention. Participation is not a mess is not a matter of who is going to lead, but in mutual communication and mutual understanding, so that mass action can be power, unswervingly go down! (Action menu) moment of the action as a preview to decide direct actions, you have left the natural mode of thinking and living and working patterns. Action scene, you and most of the passengers, will be forced together, using the imagination to create new possibilities.
Experience of equal and direct participation, also has the potential to change your attitudes and values about people and things in the future. (Direct action) allow people to control their own lives, life and the environment. It does not seek a unified command, emphasis on spontaneous and autonomous. Therefore, the practice of direct action was also previewed the alternative life, in other words, imperfect and full of oppression of society, through direct action, progressive experiment and experience community life of equality, freedom and solidarity and action mode, preview and create a new world.
(Ye Yincong, 2010) to fight this wrapped in colored paper pile of shit in the world not just rely on other people to help, reliable is their power to their Hong Kong said that the strike now! Shop Johnson in second, third, the http://www.Facebook.com/
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