Newest Flag Sri Lanka Last Visited February 28, 2010 |
Nuevos Bandera Sri Lanka Última visita 28 de febrero 2010 |
Discovering, archiving, and disseminating knowledge regarding abuse of the People by governments and corporations in the Medieval Digital Era// גילוי, ארכיבאות, והפצת מידע על התעללות בציבור על ידי ממשלות ותאגידים בימי הביניים הדיגיטליים
Record Type | Attestation By Clerk | |
1 | Papers filed by attorneys | · Stamp “ENTER” and wet hand-signature of an authorized deputy clerk, subject to review by such authorized deputy clerk. · Stamps and signatures were part of the public records. · Deputy Clerk was held accountable for such conduct. |
2 | Papers filed by pro se filers | · Were subjected to the same procedures as papers filed by attorneys, #1, above. |
3 | Minutes, Orders, and Judgments filed by the court | · Served on parties by authorized Deputy Clerk, who also completed Certificate of Mailing and Notice of Entry, bearing wet, hand signature. · Stamps and signatures were part of the public records. · Deputy Clerk was held accountable for such conduct. |
Record Type | Attestation By Clerk | |
1 | Papers filed by attorneys | · Papers are filed and entered by authorized attorneys to the respective court directly into the docket. · An Notice of Electronic Filing (NEF) is automatically issued by computer of the courts, which is not associated with any particular individual authorized as Deputy Clerk of the court. · No prior review by an authorized Deputy Clerk is involved. · The NEFs are automatically emailed to authorized attorneys, but no to pro se filers. · The NEFs bear valid, RSA-encrypted digital signatures, however, such digital signatures are machine generated, and are not associated with any individual accountable for the conduct. · The NEFs and their digital signatures were eliminated from PACER and therefore, are now concealed and are not part of the public records. |
2 | Papers filed by pro se filers | · Pro se filers are not allowed access to CM/ECF, and are required to continue to be filed on paper. · Upon filing, the papers are subjected to review by an authorized Deputy Clerk prior to entry into a docket. · Entry is affected by scanning by court staff of the paper records which were filed by pro se filers, and then execution of electronic filing of such scans by court staff. · The evidence showed that in contrast with records which were filed by attorneys, where in all cases inspected resulted in the automatic issuance of a valid NEF, in cases of papers filed by pro se filers, at times no NEF were issued, or invalid NEF were issued, bearing no digital signatures. In no case that was examined were NEFs served on pro se filers after electronic entry of the records of the pro se filer by the clerk. · The end result is that such minutes, orders, and judgments appeared in the PACER court’s docket, and pro se filers relied upon such PACER dockets and assumed that such papers were entered. However, the court and authorized attorneys had access to a different set of records in CM/ECF, which documented that in fact such papers were never subjected to valid entry. |
3 | Minutes, Orders, and Judgments filed by the court | · May be filed by the court either through direct electronic filing in CM/ECF, or on paper, then subjected to scanning and electronic filing in CM/ECF by court staff. · The evidence showed that minutes, orders, and judgments, which were issued by the court, were at time subjected to defective entry. In such cases, the minutes, orders, and judgments appeared in the PACER dockets, and the public at large would assume that such minutes, orders, and judgments were valid, and required “full faith and credit”. I fact, no NEF, or an invalid NEF – bearing no digital signature was issued in such cases. The court and authorized attorneys were privy to records that documented the void nature of such court minutes, orders, and judgment. However, the evidence of the void nature of such papers was concealed from the public, and access was denied when requested. |